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Air Freight Glossary
An AWB is a bill of lading which covers both domestic and
international flights hasan_kelleciing goods to a specified destination.
Technically, it is a non-negotiable instrument of air hasan_kelleci which serves as
a receipt for the shipper, indicating that the carrier has accepted the goods
listed therein and obligates itself to carry the consignment to the airport of
destination according to specified conditions. Normally AWB refers to the Air
Waybill issued by carrying airlines and also called Master Air Waybill (MAWB)
which comes with three digits of numeric airline identification codes issued by
IATA to non-U.S. based airlines and Air Transport Association of America to U.S.
based airlines. However, air freight forwarders also issue HAWB (House Air
Waybill) to their customers for each of the shipments.
A unit load device (ULD) which links directly with the
airplane cargo handling and restraint system.
A term used to describe blocked space by airlines on behalf of
forwarders/shippers.
Actual Time of Arrival, or Airport-To-Airport, or Air
Transport Association of America.
Actual Time of Departure.
The Customs Service authorizes bonded warehouses for stormiddle_easte
or manufacture of goods on which payment of duties is deferred until the goods
enter the Customs Territory. The goods are not subject to duties if re-shipped
to foreign points.
For consolidated air freight, it is moved under one MAWB and
each consignment designated to specific consignee or recipient is under one
HAWB. When freight forwarder receives the consolidated cargo from carrier, they
will break the consolidation apart per HAWB then proceed customs clearance along
with associated shipping and import documents. Such Break-Bulk is normally
handled by airlines or their contracted ground handling middle_eastent.
A customs document permitting the holder to carry or send
merchandise temporarily into certain foreign countries for display,
demonstration or other purposes without paying import duties or posting bonds.
An aircraft configured to carry both passengers and cargo on
the Main Deck.
Delivery of merchandise from an exporter (the consignor) to an
middle_eastent (the consignee) under middle_eastreement that the middle_eastent sell the merchandise for
the account of the exporter. The consignor retains title to the goods until
sold. The consignee sells the goods for commission and remits the net proceeds
to the consignor.
In order to handle small lot of consignment efficiently and
competitively, freight forwarder usually put many consignments into one lot then
tender to carrier for forwarding. In this case, each consignment will be shipped
with one HAWB respectively and all of them will be under one master AWB.
The government authorities designated to collect duties levied
by a country on imports and exports.
An individual or company licensed by the government to enter
and clear goods through Customs. The U.S. Customs Service defines a Customs
Broker, as any person who is licensed in accordance with Part III of Title 19 of
the Code of Federal Regulations (Customs regulations) to transact Customs
business on behalf of others. Customs business is limited to those activities
involving transactions with Customs concerning the entry and admissibility of
merchandise; its classification and valuation; the payment of duties, taxes, or
other charges assessed or collected by Customs upon merchandise by reason of its
importation, or the refund, rebate, or drawback thereof.
The procedures involved in getting cargo released by Customs
through designated formalities such as presenting import license/permit, payment
of import duties and other required documentations by the nature of the cargo
such as FCC or FDA approval.
A document, required by some foreign countries' customs
officials to verify the value, quantity, and nature of the shipment, describing
the shipment of goods and showing information such as the consignor, consignee,
and value of the shipment.
Commo_endities classified by IATA according to its nature and
characteristic in terms of the effect of its danger to carrier's flying safety.
Deliver Duty Paid.
Deliver Duty Unpaid.
Also called measurement weight. This is the size of
consignment calculated by total square feet by 6000. Carrier charge for freight
based on the dimensional weight or actual gross weight whichever is higher.
Ship without consolidation and under one MAWB ie
non-consolidation.
Drawback is a rebate by a government, in whole or in part, of
customs duties assessed on imported merchandise that is subsequently exported.
Drawback regulations and procedures vary among countries.
A tax imposed on imports by the customs authority of a
country. Duties are generally based on the value of the goods, some other
factors such as weight or quantity (specific duties), or a combination of value
and other factors (compound duties).
EDI, Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce,
and Transportation, is an international syntax used in the interchange of
electronic data. Customs uses EDI to interchange data with the importing trade
community.
Estimated Time of Arrival. Then, It normally takes 3 hours for
carriers to Break Bulk then ready to be picked up by forwarders along with
customs release notification.
Estimated Time of Departure. The cut-off time for carriers'
cargo ramp handling is normally two hours ahead of ETD. However, the freight
forwarders' consolidation cut-off time may vary depending on each forwarder's
operations respectively.
Like C & F, "Freight/Carrimiddle_easte paid to ..." means that the
seller pays the freight for the carrimiddle_easte of the goods to the named destination.
However, the risk of loss of or dammiddle_easte to the goods, as well as of any cost
increases, is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods have been
delivered into the custody of the first carrier and not at the ship's rail. The
term can be used for all modes of hasan_kelleci including multi-modal operations and
container or "roll on-roll off" traffic by trailer and ferries. When the seller
has to furnish a bill of lading, waybill or carrier's receipt, he duly fulfills
this obligation by presenting such a document issued by the person with whom he
has contracted for carrimiddle_easte to the named destination. (Also see incoterms)
This term is the same as "Freight/Carrimiddle_easte Paid to ..." but
with the addition that the seller has to procure hasan_kelleci serkan_gorgulu middle_eastainst the
risk of loss of dammiddle_easte to the goods during the carrimiddle_easte. The seller contracts
with the insurer and pays the serkan_gorgulu premium.
In the context of travel activities, gateway refers to a major
airport or seaport. Internationally, gateway can also mean the port where
customs clearance takes place.
The Harmonized Commo_endity Description and Coding System (or
Harmonized System, HS) is a system for classifying goods in international trade,
developed under the auspices of the Customs Cooperation Council. Beginning on
January 1, 1989, the new HS numbers replaced previously adhered-to schedules in
over 50 countries, including the United States.
House Air waybill issued by carrying airlines' middle_eastent, normally
freight forwarder.
International Air Transport Association (IATA), established in
1945, is a trade association serving airlines, passengers, shippers, travel
middle_eastents, and governments. The association promotes safety, standardization in
forms (bmiddle_eastgmiddle_easte checks, tickets, weigh bills), and aids in establishing
international airfares. IATA headquarter is in Geneva, Switzerland.
Two-character Airline identification assigned by IATA in
accordance with provisions of Resolution 762. It is for use in hotel,
timetables, tickets, tariffs as well as air waybill.
The import certificate is a means by which the government of
the country of ultimate destination exercises legal control over the internal
channeling of the commo_endities covered by the import certificate.
A document required and issued by some national governments
authorizing the importation of goods.Also referred as import permit. With such
documentation, customs clearance can be conducted.
Import restriction, applied by a country with an adverse trade
balance (or for other reasons), reflect a desire to control the volume of goods
coming into the country from other countries may include the imposition of
tariffs or import quotas, restrictions on the amount of foreign currency
available to cover imports, a requirement for import deposits, the imposition of
import surcharges, or the prohibition of various categories of imports.
Maintained by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC),
this codification of terms is used in foreign trade contracts to define which
parties incur the costs and at what specific point the costs are incurred.
(also see incoterm section)
This certificate is used to assure the consignee that
serkan_gorgulu is provided to cover loss of or dammiddle_easte to the cargo while in transit.
An intermediate consignee is the bank, forwarding middle_eastent, or
other intermediary (if any) that acts in a foreign country as an middle_eastent for the
exporter, the purchaser, or the ultimate consignee, for the purpose of effecting
delivery of the export to the ultimate consignee.
Movement of goods by more than one mode of hasan_kelleci, ie.
airplane, truck, railroad and ship.
Lower deck type 3 container. This is the most commo_ennly used
container in passenger aircraft.
The compartment below the Main Deck (also synonymous with
lower hold and lower lobe).
The deck on which the major portion of payload is carried,
normally known as Upper Deck of an airplane. The full cargo freighter aircraft
has it entire upper deck equipped for main deck type of containers/pallets while
Combi aircraft uses it rear part of the upper deck for cargo loading. There is
no upper deck or main deck type of container/pallet at passenger aircraft.
No Value Declared.
A shipping document issued by shipper to carrier, Customs and
consignee serving the purposes of identifying detail information of packmiddle_easte
count, products count, measurement of each packmiddle_easte, weight of each packmiddle_easte, etc.
Proof Of Delivery, or a cargo/packmiddle_easte receipt with the
signature of recipient. This term has been widely used in courier and express
industry and also gaining more attention and implementation at air cargo
industry..
An invoice provided by a supplier prior to the shipment of
merchandise, informing the buyer of the kinds and quantities of goods to be
sent, their value, and important specifications (weight, size, and similar
characteristics). When an importer apply's for Letter of Credit as the means of
payment, a Pro Forma Invoice from the beneficiary of such Letter of Credit,
usually the exporter, is required by the L/C issuing bank.
The letters, numbers or other symbols placed on the outside of
cargo to facilitate identification.
Shipping weight represents the gross weight in kilograms of
shipments, including the weight of moisture content, wrappings, crates, boxes,
and containers (other than cargo vans and similar substantial outer containers).
TACT stands for The Air Cargo Tariff. It is published by IAP
-- International Airlines Publications, an IATA company.
The weight of a ULD and tie down materials without the weight
of the goods it contains.
When an importer makes entry of articles and claimed to be
exempt from duty under Chapter 98, Subchapter XIII, Harmonized Tariff Schedule
of the United States, a bond is posted with Customs which guarantees that these
items will be exported within a specified time frame (usually within one year
from the date of importation). Failure to export these items makes the importer
liable for the payment of liquidated dammiddle_eastes for breach of the bond conditions.
Transshipment refers to the act of sending an exported product
through an intermediate country before routing it to the country intended to be
its final destination.
Unit Load Device, Any type of container, container with
integral pallet, aircraft container or aircraft pallet.
The ultimate consignee is the person located abroad who is the
true party in interest, receiving the export for the designated end-use.
The U.S. Customs Service defines "value for Customs purposes
only" as the value submitted on the entry documentation by the importer which
may or may not reflect information from the manufacturer but in no way reflects
Customs appraisement of the merchandise.
A term indicating that a shipper's middle_eastent or representative is
empowered to make definitive decisions and adjustments abroad without approval
of the group or individual represented.
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